## Electrical Formulas Excel Sheet

This particular Electrical Formulas Excel Sheet will assist you to get a quick answer to the quantities related to the following topics: 1 – Basic Concepts of Electricity 2 – Electrical Quantities and Components 3 – OHM’s Law 4 – Series Circuits 5 – Parallel Circuits 6 – Series-Parallel Circuits …

## DC Motor Starters and Their Circuit Diagram

This article covers various types of starters for the DC motors including: Manual Starters Automatic Starters Definite Time Starters Counter EMF Starter Current-Limit Starter Each type of starter along with its circuit diagram is described in detail in this section. Manual Starters Recalling the equivalent circuit of a DC motor, …

## Reduced Voltage Motor Starters

Induction motors draw very large currents when started at full voltage. Thus, it is desirable, especially for large motors, to start them at reduced voltage to keep the starting current low. Reduced voltage motor starting methods include resistance starting, reactance starting, autotransformer starting, wye-delta starting, part-winding starting, and electronic soft …

## Speed Control Methods of DC Motor

The major advantage of DC motors has been the ability to control the speed-torque characteristic over a fairly wide range of speeds for a given torque. Variable-speed AC drives now make it possible to use induction motors to perform tasks that previously could only be done by DC motors. However, …

## Types of DC Motors and Their Characteristics

DC Motor Speed Characteristics When a load torque is applied to a motor, the motor will slow down due to the load opposing the machine’s rotation. Eventually, the machine’s electromagnetic torque will equal the load torque and a new steady-state speed will be reached. How the speed changes depends on …

## Losses and Efficiency of DC Machine

The losses in a DC machine affect its cost, rating, and performance. The efficiency of a rotating machine is frequently determined by measuring the losses, using techniques that are precisely defined by ANSI, IEEE, and NEMA measurement standards. The efficiency is defined the same way as it is for transformers …

## Self-Excited DC Generator Working

The magnetization curve produced when the machine is separately excited still applies in the case of self-excited DC generator. That is, a given value of field current will produce a specific value of the generated voltage at a given speed, regardless of how the field winding is connected. However, there …

## DC Generator Characteristics

As shown by equation 1, the terminal voltage of the separately excited DC generator would be expected to decrease in a linear manner due to the voltage drop across the armature circuit resistance. $\begin{matrix} {{V}_{t}}={{E}_{a}}-{{I}_{a}}{{R}_{a}} & {} & \left( 1 \right) \\\end{matrix}$ Figure 1 shows the linear decrease that would …

## DC Generator Operation

When operated as a generator, the armature of the DC machine is driven by a prime mover. As the armature coils move through the flux created by the stator field, a voltage is induced in them. To understand the operation of the DC generator we need a specific relationship for …

## Inductors in AC and DC Circuits

The main action of an inductor is to resist a change in current.  However, since the current in a DC circuit is constant, there is no induced voltage developed instantaneously across the inductor.  The inductor does resist the initial inrush of current based on the time constant of the circuit. …

## Capacitors in AC and DC Circuits

Capacitors in DC Circuits             When a capacitor is placed in a DC circuit that is closed (current is flowing) it begins to charge. Charging is when the voltage across the plates builds up quickly to equal the voltage source. Once a capacitor reaches its fully charged state, the current …

## Synchronous Motor Generator: Efficiency & Losses

The losses in a synchronous machine affect its cost, rating, and performance. The efficiency of a synchronous machine is frequently determined by measuring the losses, using techniques that are precisely defined by ANSI, IEEE, and NEMA measurement standards. The efficiency is defined in the same way as it is for …

## Synchronous Motor: Equivalent Circuit & Phasor Diagram

The equivalent circuit for one phase of a synchronous motor is shown in Figure 1. It is similar to the synchronous generator equivalent circuit, but with two differences. First, it has been flipped to show the power system as the input to the motor, and, second, the current is referenced …