## Combinational Logic Circuits | De Morgan’s theorem

The goal of this module is to provide learners with tools for understanding the operations of XNOR and XOR gates and enable learners to apply Boolean rules to find the Sum of Products (SOP) and the Product of Sums (POS). Objectives The learner will be able to: Explain the operation …

## Basic Logic Gates and Boolean expressions

The goal of this module is to enable learners to apply basic logic gates and Boolean expressions to digital circuits. Objectives A learner will be able to: Explain the difference between analog and digital quantities Give examples of binary numbers and describe their structure Give examples of hexadecimal and octal …

## Number Systems in Digital Electronics

The goal of this module is to provide learners with skills and practice necessary to enable them to convert between number systems used in digital electronics. Objective The learner will be able to Explain the difference between analog and digital quantities Give examples of binary numbers describe their structure Give …

## Buck-Boost Transformer Working Principle

A buck-boost transformer is a type of transformer which is primarily used to adjust the voltage level applied to various electric equipment. Buck-boost transformers are utilized in in several applications such as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) units for computers. When an existing AC electrical circuit suffers from excessive voltage drop …

## Starting Methods of Three Phase Induction Motor

Three-phase Induction motors draw six or more times rated current when started at rated voltage. Such high currents may pose serious problems for the motor and the electrical system when large motors are started. One way to reduce the starting current is to start the motor at reduced voltage. After …

## Three Phase Induction Motor Performance

Using the equivalent circuit of the three-phase induction motor and some additional information about the mechanical and core loses, one could calculate the performance of the three-phase induction motor from no-load to full-load. Figure 1 shows a set of generic curves of efficiency, current, power factor, and slip for an …

## Torque Speed Characteristics of Induction Motor

Figure 1 showed a plot of induction motor torque vs speed from zero to synchronous speed. This curve is called the torque-speed characteristic curve. We can derive an equation from the equivalent circuit that allows the calculation of the torque for a given value of slip. FIGURE 1    Induction motor …

## Three-Phase Induction Motor Efficiency

The equivalent circuit of the induction motor can be used to examine the losses and the efficiency of the machine. Efficiency is defined for an induction motor the same way as it is for any device: $\begin{matrix} \eta =\frac{Power\text{ }Out}{Power\text{ }In}=\frac{{{P}_{out}}}{{{P}_{in}}} & {} & \left( 1 \right) \\\end{matrix}$ Defining the …

## Three Phase Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit

The three-phase induction motor operates in some ways like a transformer. In the transformer, AC voltage is applied to the primary, which creates AC flux in the core. That flux links the secondary and induces a voltage of the same frequency, but with a voltage that depends on the transformer …

## Three Phase Induction Motor Working Principle

The three-phase induction motor, like all electric motors, operates by means of interaction between magnetic fields. The stator magnetic field in a three-phase induction motor rotates around the air gap between the stator and the rotor. The direction of field rotation determines which way the motor turns and is controlled …

## Three Phase Induction Motor Construction

Like all motors, a three-phase induction motor contains a stator (the stationary part) and a rotor (which rotates). Each contains electrical windings that carry current and thus creates a magnetic field. The interaction of the magnetic fields creates the torque that rotates the rotor and the load. Figure 1 shows …

## Electric Motor Nameplate Details Explained | Induction Motor Nameplate

Figure 1 is a drawing of a typical induction motor nameplate. The electric motor nameplate contains a variety of information that can be used to calculate other items. NEMA specifies the information that must be included on the motor’s nameplate. The motor manufacturer may include additional information, such as the …

## Electronic Voltmeter Working and Block Diagram

An analog electronic voltmeter uses an electronic amplifier to improve the performance of an electromechanical voltmeter. For example, an electronic voltmeter has a much higher input resistance than an electromechanical instrument, so voltmeter loading effect is considerably reduced. Also, voltage levels that are normally too small for measuring on an …