Lead Acid Battery Vs. Lithium Ion Battery

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Lithium Ion batteries are one of the most durable and reliable energy sources on the market and a drastic improvement over lead-acid in weight, capacity, and shelf life.

Lithium Ion Batteries are the safest lithium chemistry with the highest cycle life and are compatible with most standard chargers.

Lead acid batteries only have a charge efficiency of 85%. This means that for every amp sent to the batteries, only .85 amps are stored for use. Lithium ion batteries however have a charge efficiency of 99% so nearly every amp sent to them is stored and usable. Therefore, a lead acid battery will require a 15% larger – and more expensive – solar array to charge it as fast as a comparably sized lithium ion battery.

What makes Lithium Ion Battery the Better Choice?

How does Lithium Ion Battery compared with Lead-Acid Batteries?

Lead Acid BatteryLithium Ion Battery
Weight27.5 kg (100Ah)13.8 kg (100Ah)
Cycle Life200 @ 100 % DoD2800 @ 100 % DoD
Self-DischargeUp to 6 monthsUp to 12 months
Charge Time8 to 12 hours1 to 3 hours
Capacity Utilization50-60%80-100%
Life Years3-5 years7-8 years
EfficiencyUp to 70%Up to 95 %
VolumeLarger VolumeSmaller Volume
DisassemblyCrushed to separate componentsCan be dissembled easily
MaintenanceFrequent maintenance i.e., water level, battery voltage, overchargingFairly maintenance free
Cost Per Cycle$0.67$0.31
Voltage Per Cell2 V3.2 V
Temperature SensitivityDegrades significantly above 32oFDegrades above 95oF
Usable Energy50%80%
Charge/Discharge Cycles~1200<3000
Fast Charging Capability50% in ~3 hours, 90% in 6-7 hours90% in 1.5-2 hours
EmissionsGassing & Water Loss during ChargingZero-Gassing (Emission Free)
Energy Density40 Wh/kg95-140 Wh/kg
ResilienceDamages through excessive dischargeLess vulnerable to high discharge

 

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