## Symmetry Properties of the Fourier series

If a function has symmetry about the vertical axis or the origin, then the computation of the Fourier coefficients may be greatly facilitated. A function f (t) which is symmetrical about the vertical axis is to be an even function and has the property $f(t)=f(-t)$ For all t. that is, …

## Phasors in Electric Circuits

The phasor method of analyzing circuits is credited generally to Charles Steinmetz, a famous electrical engineer with the General Electric Company in the early part of this century. To begin, let us recall the general sinusoidal voltage, $\begin{matrix} v={{V}_{m}}\cos (\omega t+\theta ) & \cdots & (1) \\\end{matrix}$ If the frequency …

## RMS Voltage and Current | Definition | Formula

Periodic currents and voltages deliver an average power to resistive loads. The amount of power that is delivered depends on the characteristics of the particular waveform. A method of comparing the power delivered by different waveforms is therefore very useful. One such method is the use of RMS or effective …

## RLC Series Circuit Analysis

When resistance, inductance, and capacitance are connected in series, the circuit is said to be RLC Series circuit. In the RLC Series circuit shown in the figure below, the current is common to all components. The series RLC circuit, shown in figure 1, is the dual of the parallel circuit. …

## Average Power Formula | Instantaneous Power Formula

In linear networks which have inputs that are periodic functions of time, the steady-state currents and voltages produced are periodic, each having identical periods. Consider an instantaneous power $\begin{matrix} p=vi & \cdots & (1) \\\end{matrix}$ Where v and i are periodic of period T. that is, \$\begin{align}  & v(t+T)=v(t) \\ & …

## Parallel RLC Circuit Analysis

When resistance, inductance, and capacitance are connected in parallel, the circuit is said to be RLC Parallel circuit. In the parallel RLC circuit shown in the figure below, the supply voltage is common to all components. One of the most important second-order circuits is the parallel RLC circuit of figure …

## Inductor Types and Symbols

In spite of the great number of different kinds of inductors, only a few schematic symbols are needed to represent them. Filter Choke A filter choke for a power supply is shown in figure 1 (a), and its symbol is shown in figure 1(b). Fig.1: Iron Core Choke Coil: (a) …

## RL Circuit Time Constant | Universal Time Constant Curve

When a series RL circuit is connected across a supply, voltage and current transients occur until the current attains a steady-state condition. Consider the circuit figure 1, where R represents the coil’s resistance or an external resistance. When the switched is closed, current begins to flow into the inductance. The …

## RC Circuit Time Constant | Charging Discharging of Capacitor

Definition:The time required to charge a capacitor to about 63 percent of the maximum voltage in an RC circuit is called the time constant of the circuit.   When a discharged capacitor is suddenly connected across a DC supply, such as Es in figure 1 (a), a current immediately begins …

## Capacitor Types | Fixed and Variable Capacitors

Variable capacitors Variable capacitors are distinguished by the fact that their capacitance can be changed. Basically, there are two most common types of such capacitors named as a trimmer and rotor-stator capacitors. Rotor-Stator Capacitor The rotor-stator type of capacitor comprises two metallic plate sets. The moving plates are attached conjointly …

## A

Average Value The sum of the instantaneous voltages in a half cycle wave shape divided by the number of instantaneous voltages. In a sine wave, it is equal to 0.637 times the peak voltage. Analog meters Analog meters are a multifunctional multimeter that operates based on electrical mechanical movement. Autotransformer A …

## Ohm’s Law | Definition | Formula | Applications

Ohm’s Law Definition Ohm’s law states that the current in an electric circuit is proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to its resistance. As the voltage increases in a circuit (resistance remaining constant), the current increases by the same amount. Hence, if the voltage is doubled, the current …

## B

Branch In a parallel circuit, each current path is a Branch. Band-Pass Filter A resonant circuit that is tuned to pass a single band of frequencies and to attenuate all other signals. Band-Rejection Filter A network that attenuates a single band of frequencies and allows those on either side to …